The diagnosis and evaluation of dilated cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm without an established causative factor for the damage to the myocardium is termed idiopathic dcm, and it is the cause of approximately onefourth of the cases. Diagnosis and management of dilated cardiomyopathy heart. Sherrid all patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy hcm should have five aspects of care addressed. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is characterized by dilation and impaired contraction of one or both ventricles 15. Study 53 terms pathophysiology cardiomyopathy flashcards. A cardiomyopathy is a primary disorder of the heart muscle see also overview of cardiomyopathies. So, if you break down the term cardiomyopathy into cardio, meaning heart, myo meaning muscle, and pathy meaning disease, you can remember that cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle, and we can use this knowledge to help figure out what the signs and symptoms of. The presenting manifestations can include atrial andor ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden death can occur at any stage of. About 10% of people who develop dilated cardiomyopathy are older than 65.
Pathophysiology dilated cardiomyopathy pdf download. Those affected are at an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is best understood as the final common response of myocardium to diverse genetic and environmental insults. Dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs understanding dilated cardiomyopathy dcm dilated cardiomyopathy of unknown cause idiopathic is a disease characterized by weakening and decreased pump function of the heart muscle with secondary heart chamber dilation. Cardiomyopathy information guide c a r d i o m y o p a t h y m a r d i g i a n w e l l n e s s r e s o u r c e c e n t e r page 1 other names. The diagnosis and evaluation of dilated cardiomyopathy alan g.
Persons with cardiomyopathy frequently retain excess fluid. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a heart muscle disorder defined by the presence of a dilated and poorly functioning left ventricle in the absence of abnormal loading conditions hypertension, valve disease or ischaemic heart disease sufficient to cause global systolic impairment. Current pathophysiological and genetic aspects of dilated. Scroll down to read the article or download a printfriendly pdf here if the pdf fails to. Pdf cardiomyopathies are group of disease with specifically affect the. Dilated cardiomyopathy is also associated with hiv, chagas disease, rheumatologic disorders, iron overload, sleep. Cardiomyopathy is a group of diseases that affect the heart muscle. However, the prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy patients is variable and depends on multiple risk.
Pdf dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is a myocardial disease. More than 20 viruses can cause dilated cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy in the new scheme of classification has. Dilated cardiomyopathy may also be caused by prolonged tachycardia either from supraventricular arrhythmias, from very frequent pvcs more than 15% of heart beats, or from frequent right ventricular pacing. An attempt should be made to detect the presence or absence of risk factors for sudden arrhythmic death. Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by decreased contractile function and loss of myofibril organization. Dilated cardiomyopathy has many known and probably many unidentified causes see table causes of dilated cardiomyopathy. Oct 18, 2017 approach to patient with dilated cardiomyopathy 1. Cardiomyopathy and myocarditis harrisons principles of internal.
Etiology and panduan ramadhan pdf pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy. After spending some time in practice and working as a house physician, she returned to glasgow as a resident in small animal clinical studies, majoring in cardiology, internal medicine and neurology. Dilated cardiomyopathy affects the hearts ventricles ventrihkuls and atria aytreeuh. William mckenna, perry elliott, in goldmans cecil medicine twenty fourth edition, 2012.
Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm hypertrophic cardiomyopathy hcm. Dilated cardiomyopathy probably represents the endstage phenotype of almost any kind of. The hallmark pathophysiologic feature of dilated cardiomyopathy is systolic dysfunction. Complications can include heart failure, heart valve disease, or an irregular heartbeat. The right ventricle may also be dilated and dysfunctional.
Classification, clinical and autoimmune features alida l. Pdf an overview of dilated cardiomyopathy researchgate. Types of cardiomyopathy with dilated cardiomyopathy, the heart thins and enlarges. With restrictive cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle becomes hard and stiff. A rigorous workup can exclude alternative causes of left ventricular lv dilation and dysfunction, identify etiologies that may respond to specific treatments, and guide family screening.
Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is a chronic heart muscle disease with cavity enlargement and impaired systolic function of the left or both ventricles the diagnosis is made once other specific cardiomyopathies have been excluded see table 4. It tends to occur in multiparous women older than 30 years who are obese and have had. At present, hiv may interact with other viruses to produce multiplehits to the myocardium and increase susceptibility to disease. Jun 26, 2014 dcm is the most common form of heart muscle disease, comprising approximately 60% of all cardiomyopathies and characterized by left ventricular lv dilation and systolic dysfunction. This open access book presents a multidisciplinary comprehensive overview of dilated cardiomyopathy, from pathophysiology, differential diagnosis workup, to clinical management. Kranias, in cell physiology source book fourth edition, 2012. As cardiomyopathy progresses, the heart becomes weaker. Congestive cardiomyopathy an overview sciencedirect topics. Nutritional diseases such as deficiency of thiamine, selenium, and carnitine have also been documented. If you break down the word cardiomyopathy you can remember that its a disease of the heart. Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle that causes the heart muscle to become enlarged, thick, or rigid. Life with dilated cardiomyopathy dilated cardiomyopathy 14 15 pregnancy in developed countries, up to one in every 2000 women may develop dilated cardiomyopathy during pregnancy. Pathophysiology and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
A significant proportion of dcm cases have an underlying genetic or. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a progressive disease of heart muscle that is characterized by ventricular chamber enlargement and contractile dysfunction. Cardiomyopathies and pericardial disease tintinallis. Acquired causes include myocarditis and exposure to alcohol, drugs and toxins, and metabolic and endocrine. Dcmdcm an approach to diagnosis andan approach to diagnosis and managementmanagement dr. Symptoms vary from none to feeling tired, leg swelling, and shortness of breath. Dilated cardiomyopathy cardiovascular disorders msd. Hiv represented 12% of cases of dilated cardiomyopathy.
Pathophysiology and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mark v. Jul 15, 2016 indications for endomyocardial biopsy acute dilated cardiomyopathy with refractory heart failure symptoms rapidly progressive ventricular dysfunction in an unexplained cardiomyopathy of recent onset new onset cardiomyopathy with recurrent ventricular tachycardia or high grade heart block heart failure in the setting of fever. Learn dilated cardiomyopathy with free interactive flashcards. Ppt dilated cardiomyopathy powerpoint presentation. Saiful islam md cardiology final part studentmd cardiology final part student department of cardiologydepartment of cardiology dmchdmch 2. It further highlights open issues such as the clinical use of genetic testing and arrhythmia in dilated cardiomyopathy. Acquired causes include myocarditis and exposure to alcohol, drugs and toxins, and metabolic and endocrine disturbances.
Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm, also known as congestive systolic cardiomyopathy, is recognized by impaired systolic function and global dilatation of either one or both ventricular chambers. The first part of the book analyzes in detail the diseases pathophysiology, its diagnostic work up as well as the prognostic stratification, and illustrates the role of genetics and gene. Several pathogenetic mechanisms appear to be operative. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is currently defined by the presence of ventricular chamber. In central and south america, chagas disease due to trypanosoma cruzi is the most common infectious cause. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a heart muscle disorder defined by dilation and impaired systolic function of the left or both ventricles, in the absence of coronary artery disease, valvular abnormalities, or pericardial disease. Previously unexplored structural and molecular events that precede and initiate dilation can now be studied in tropomodulinoverexpressing transgenic tot mice exhibiting progressive dilated cardiomyopathy. Dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies can be distinguished on the basis of.
Review topic of the week the diagnosis and evaluation of dilated cardiomyopathy alan g. Download pdf versions of our information resources. Caforio, stefania bottaro, sabino iliceto cardiology, dept of cardiological, thoracic and vascular sciences, university of padua, padua, italy abstract dilated cardiomyopathy dcm, a leading cause of heart failure and heart transplantation in. Objective dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is characterised by left ventricular dilation and dysfunction not caused by coronary disease, valvular disease or hypertension. Diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy redflags approach in dilated cardiomyopathy nonischemic cardiomyopathy pathophysiology of dilated cardiomyopathy arrhythmias in dilated cardiomyopathies followup in dilated cardiomyopathy open issues in dilated. This open access book presents a comprehensive overview of dilated cardiomyopathy, providing readers with practical guidelines for its clinical management. Dilated cardiomyopathy definition progressive cardiac dilatation and systolic dysfunction of the left andor right ventricle, in the absence of abnormal loading. May 18, 2019 dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is characterized by dilated left ventricle with systolic dysfunction that is not caused by ischemic or valvular heart disease. By the european society of cardiology escs definition above, dilated cardiomyopathy is primarily a diagnosis based on phenotype, rather than aetiology figure 1. We aimed to assess the value of diagnostic testing beyond careful physical examination, blood tests. This chapter will describe the pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, chronic treatment.
The x linked forms of dcm includes x linked dilated cardiomyopathy and barth syndrome caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene x linked dilated cardiomyopathy xlcm occurs in males during adolescence or early adulthood and has a rapidly progressive clinical course female carriers develop a mild form of dcm with onset in middle age. It is less able to pump blood through the body and maintain a normal electrical. Cardiomyopathy signs and symptoms video khan academy. Dilated cardiomyopathy current medical diagnosis and treatment.
Abstract cardiomyopathies are diseases characterised by structural and. Dilated cardiomyopathy is defined by the presence of left ventricular dilatation and contractile dysfunction. It is the most common reason for heart transplantation. Mp calls for free british citizenship for frontline nurses amid covid19. Dilated cardiomyopathy circulation research aha journals.
Arvc introduction factsheet an introduction to arvc. Discuss the pathophysiology and etiologies of dilated, hypertrophic. The wide variety of genes involved in the pathophysiology of dcm gives an insight to think of dcm as a. Joanna dukes mcewan graduated from glasgow in 1986. Evolution of pathogenesis concepts and potential for new therapies. Owing to the considerable aetiological and prognostic heterogeneity in dcm, an extensive diagnostic workup is recommended. Persons with cardiomyopathy frequently retain excess fluid, resulting in congestion of the lungs, and have. A large number of cardiac and systemic diseases can cause systolic impairment and left ventricular dilatation, but in. Cardiomyopathy, any cardiac disease process that results in heart failure due to a decrease in the pumping power of the heart or due to an impairment in the filling of the cardiac chambers. It can occur from mid to late pregnancy or soon after delivery and is known as peripartum cardiomyopathy. Choose from 114 different sets of dilated cardiomyopathy flashcards on quizlet.
Dilated cardiomyopathy is a heart muscle disorder defined by the presence of a dilated and poorly functioning left ventricle in the absence of abnormal loading conditions hypertension, valve disease or ischaemic heart disease sufficient to. The dilated cardiomyopathy is often assumed as a common pathway of several cardiovascular pathologies. Dcm is the most prevalent form of cardiomyopathy with an incidence of one in approximately 2500 individuals. Accordingly, the esc lists a whole array of potential causes of dilated cardiomyopathy, with widely differing pathogenic mechanisms. Dilated cardiomyopathy can develop at any age but is more common in adults younger than about 50 years of age. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathydysplasia dilated cardiomyopathy familial dilated cardiomyopathy congestive cardiomyopathy idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. As the disease worsens, shortness of breath, feeling tired, and swelling of the legs may occur, due to the onset of heart failure. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm is a condition in which the heart becomes enlarged and cannot pump blood effectively. Dilated cardiomyopathy cardiovascular disorders merck. It has similar clinical characteristics to dilated cardiomyopathy dcm such as ventricle dilation and systolic dysfunction table 2.
Types of cardiomyopathy dilated cardiomyopathy dilated cardiomyopathy is the most common type of the disease. Dilated cardiomyopathy dcm without an established causative factor for the damage to the myocardium is termed idiopathic dcm, and it is the cause. If you break down the word cardiomyopathy you can remember that its a disease of the heart muscle because cardio stands for heart, myo muscle, and pathy disease. Jun 17, 2019 peripartum cardiomyopathy is a rare lifethreatening condition that occurs around the last month of pregnancy and up to six months postpartum. In the united states, dilated cardiomyopathy occurs in approximately five to eight people per 100,000. Types of cardiomyopathy heart muscle diseases in children. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Voiceover alright, so lets talk about the signs and symptoms of cardiomyopathy. In 2006, the american heart association defined cardiomyopathies as. We aimed to assess the value of diagnostic testing beyond careful physical. With hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle thickens. In dilated cardiomyopathy the rv is often dilated as well.
Genetic mutations involving genes that encode cytoskeletal, sarcomere, and nuclear envelope proteins, among others, account for up to 35% of cases. Specific forms with or without genetic inheritance are discussed separately. Affected patients have impaired systolic function and may or may not develop overt heart failure hf. This book is composed of the main topics on pathophysiology, general forms and specific types of cardiomyopathies and it also introduces new research in the field. Cardiomyopathy can have many causes, signs and symptoms, and some people never have symptoms. Indications for endomyocardial biopsy acute dilated cardiomyopathy with refractory heart failure symptoms rapidly progressive ventricular dysfunction in an unexplained cardiomyopathy of recent onset new onset cardiomyopathy with recurrent ventricular tachycardia or high grade heart block heart failure in the setting of fever. Denise antle, arnp, msn, ccrn, ccns critical care arnpcns. Dilated cardiomyopathy is the third most common cause of heart failure and the most frequent reason for heart transplantation. Thus, a novel mutation introducing a proteinaltering change in a cardiomyopathy gene is typically considered pathogenic. Booklet for parents and carers of children and young people with cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy with an initial presentation of vt may be a forme fruste of arrhythmogenic. The hallmark pathophysiologic feature of dcm is systolic dysfunction of the left or both ventricles.
Voiceover lets talk about the pathophysiology and diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy. Dilated cardiomyopathy an overview sciencedirect topics. Pathophysiology dilated cardiomyopathy pdf dilated cardiomyopathy is considered as the most common cause of chronic. Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a rare lifethreatening condition that occurs around the last month of pregnancy and up to six months postpartum. Dilated cardiomyopathy current medical diagnosis and. The diagnosis and evaluation of dilated cardiomyopathy jacc. Men are more likely than women to have this type of cardiomyopathy. Ppt dilated cardiomyopathy powerpoint presentation free. Aldosterone is important in the pathophysiology of heart failure. At present, no classification method perfectly distinguishes all forms of cardiomyopathy, and overlap exists between categories. Over 900 mutations that result in the different types of cardiomyopathies have been reported to date, 4 many with overlapping manifestations.
1208 1407 1392 984 1389 122 183 1500 1035 55 1196 710 782 1260 1134 1333 1388 918 314 819 881 754 521 990 875 415 49 290 773 687 1017 417 1272 1238 336 1337 623 160 1097 399 216 785 405 502 246 1381